A Quantum Characterization Of NP

Quantum NP and Quantum Hierarchy

The complexity class NP is quintessential and ubiquitous in theoretical computer science. Two different approaches have been made to define “Quantum NP,” the quantum analogue of NP: NQP by Adleman, DeMarrais, and Huang, and QMA by Knill, Kitaev, and Watrous. From an operator point of view, NP can be viewed as the result of the ∃-operator applied to P. Recently, Green, Homer, Moore, and Pollett ...

Np Problem in Quantum Algorithm

In complexity theory, there exists a famous unsolved problem whether NP can be P or not. In this paper, we discuss this aspect in SAT (satisfiability) problem, and it is shown that the SAT can be solved in plynomial time by means of quantum algorithm.

Quantum Computation and NP-Completeness

Structural and Optical Characterization of ZnO-Graphene Nanocomposite Quantum Dots

In this research, zinc oxide quantum dots and graphene nanocomposites were synthesized via two different methods; In the first (direct) method, ZnO-graphene Nanocomposites were made mixing the synthesized zinc oxide and graphene. In the second (indirect) method, zinc nitrate, graphene, and sodium hydroxide were used to made ZnO-graphene Nanocomposites. XRD, FTIR and Raman spectroscopy analyses ...

Statistical Characterization of NP-Complete Problems

NP-complete problems fall into a range of difficulty and it is of considerable interest to identify the general characteristics of these problems that account for this difference. A method for measuring problem difficulty is developed based on the amount of time it takes to find an optimal solution. This reveals that there are layers of difficulty and that any NP-complete problem can be separat...